Outdoor or built-in ovens for pizza and kitchen with cooking chamber depth of 57 cm

Choosing an outdoor wood-fired oven requires attention to several fundamental factors:

• Type of cooking: Wood-fired ovens can have direct or indirect cooking. Direct cooking models cook food in contact with the flames, while indirect cooking models separate the combustion chamber from the cooking chamber, making temperature control and cleaning easier.
• Size and capacity: The choice of size depends on the available space and the quantities of food you plan to cook. Larger ovens can cook more pizzas simultaneously but require more space and wood.
• Ease of use: Consider models with thermostats, glass doors, and temperature control tools. These make it easier to manage cooking and monitor the process without having to open the oven continuously.
• Design and integration: If the oven is to be an aesthetic element of the garden, it is important to consider the design. There are ovens with finishes in stainless steel, cast iron, or refractory materials that can be both functional and aesthetically pleasing.

An important role is also played by the materials they are made of. Here is a list of the best materials for an outdoor oven:

• Stainless steel: Offers high resistance to rust and weather conditions. It is durable and easy to clean, ideal for ovens that need to withstand external conditions.
• Cast iron: Retains heat well but is heavier and requires more maintenance to prevent rust.
• Refractory bricks: Often used for the cooking surface, they ensure even heat distribution and are ideal for prolonged cooking.
• Ceramic or refractory cement: These materials are often used for the construction of the oven dome as they retain heat well and withstand high temperatures.

Preventing rust in outdoor ovens is essential to keep them efficient and long-lasting. Here are some key practices:

• Corrosion-resistant materials: Opt for ovens made of stainless steel or treated with anti-corrosive coatings. These materials are naturally more resistant to rust.
• Protective covers: Use waterproof covers to protect the oven from the elements when not in use. A good cover prevents moisture accumulation, the main cause of rust.
• Regular cleaning: Clean the oven after each use to remove food residues and ash that can retain moisture and promote corrosion. Use metal brushes and dry cloths.
• Periodic treatments: Periodically apply protective oils or anti-corrosive sprays to exposed metal parts. These treatments form a protective barrier against moisture.
• Proper placement: Install the oven in a well-ventilated location and, if possible, under a canopy or shelter to reduce direct exposure to rain.

Outdoor ovens can be used in winter, but they require some precautions to function optimally despite the low temperatures. Here are some aspects to consider:

• Insulation: It is essential to choose a well-insulated oven, built with materials that retain heat, such as refractory bricks, ceramic, or refractory cement. These materials help maintain a stable internal temperature even when it's cold outside.
• Weather protection: It is advisable to use a protective cover for the oven when not in use. This protects the oven from moisture, snow, and frost, prolonging its life and reducing the risk of damage.
• Preheating: During winter, the oven requires a longer preheating time. It is necessary to light the oven well in advance to reach and maintain the desired cooking temperature. Using a thermometer to monitor the internal temperature can be helpful.
• Fuel: Ensure you have a good supply of dry and quality wood for wood-fired ovens or enough gas for gas ovens. Wet wood burns less effectively and takes longer to reach the ideal temperature.
• Maintenance: After each use, it is important to clean the oven thoroughly to remove ash and fuel residues. This helps prevent moisture buildup, which could cause rust or deterioration issues.
• Useful accessories: Consider purchasing accessories such as thermal gloves, pizza peels, and cleaning brushes that can facilitate oven use in difficult weather conditions.

Correctly placing an outdoor wood-fired oven is essential to ensure safety and functionality. Here are some tips on where to place it:

• Stable and heat-resistant surface: The oven should be placed on a stable and heat-resistant surface, such as concrete, bricks, or stone. This ensures that the oven does not move during use and that the heat does not damage the underlying surface.
• Distance from flammable structures: It is important to place the oven away from flammable structures such as wooden canopies, fences, trees, or bushes. It is recommended to maintain a distance of at least 1.5-2 meters from any flammable material.
• Adequate ventilation: The oven should be placed in a well-ventilated area to ensure that smoke is effectively dispersed. It is important to avoid closed areas or those with poor air circulation.
• Accessibility: Ensure that the oven is easily accessible for use and maintenance. There should be enough space around the oven to easily maneuver cooking tools and manage fuel.
• Weather protection: Although outdoor ovens are designed to withstand weather conditions, placing them in a sheltered area from wind and rain can prolong their useful life. If possible, choose a covered area or install a canopy above the oven.

Insulating the base of a wood-fired oven is essential to ensure optimal energy efficiency and even cooking. Here is how to proceed:

• Concrete base: A solid concrete base is ideal for supporting the oven's weight and providing a stable and heat-resistant surface. The base should be well-levelled and reinforced with metal mesh to ensure maximum stability.
• Refractory material: Use refractory bricks for the base. These materials retain heat and release it gradually, maintaining a stable temperature inside the oven.
• Insulating panels: Place insulating panels under the refractory bricks. Vermiculite or expanded perlite panels are excellent thermal insulators, preventing heat dispersion downwards.
• Layer of sand or expanded clay: Create a layer of sand or expanded clay under the insulating panels. This layer provides additional insulation and stability to the structure.

The position of the chimney is crucial for the proper functioning of the wood-fired oven. Here are some key points:

• Vertical position: The chimney should be positioned vertically above the combustion chamber to ensure effective extraction of smoke and combustion gases. A straight chimney minimizes airflow resistance.
• Sufficient height: The chimney should be high enough to surpass any nearby obstacles, such as roofs or trees. A minimum height of 3-4 meters is generally recommended to ensure good draught.
• Protective cap: Install a protective cap at the top of the chimney. This prevents the entry of rain, snow, and debris, ensuring the oven's proper functioning.
• Distance from flammable materials: Ensure that the chimney is at least 1-2 meters away from flammable materials. Use fireproof materials for the installation and insulation of the chimney.
• Access for cleaning: The chimney should be easily accessible for periodic cleaning. The accumulation of soot and residues can reduce the oven's efficiency and increase the risk of fires.

Here are some general guidelines for determining the correct height:

• Cooking chamber: The height of the cooking chamber varies depending on the model and specific cooking needs. Generally, a height of about 30-40 cm is sufficient for most cooking, such as pizzas and bread. This height allows for good heat circulation and facilitates the insertion and removal of food.
• Oven base: The oven base should be located at a comfortable height for the user, usually between 70 and 90 cm from the ground. This allows for comfortable work without having to bend too much.
• Chimney: The height of the chimney is essential to ensure good draught and the correct expulsion of fumes. The chimney should extend at least 3-4 meters above the oven to ensure adequate ventilation. In some cases, it may be necessary to add chimney sections to overcome nearby obstacles, such as roofs or trees.

The time needed to heat a wood-fired oven depends on several factors, including the type of oven, the materials used, and environmental conditions. In general:

• Traditional wood-fired ovens: Require between 1 and 2 hours to reach the ideal cooking temperature, which varies between 300°C and 400°C for pizza and between 200°C and 250°C for bread and other foods.
• Ovens with advanced insulation: May require less time, between 45 minutes and 1.5 hours, thanks to materials that better retain heat.

At this point, we have gathered some considerations on when to light the oven and how to maintain the ideal temperature once reached.

When to light the oven:

• Planning: It is advisable to light the oven at least 2 hours before the planned start of cooking. This time allows for reaching the optimal temperature and stabilizing the heat inside the oven.
• Preheating: During preheating, ensure that the fire is constant and that the wood burns evenly. Use dry and well-seasoned wood for maximum combustion efficiency.

Maintaining the ideal temperature:

• Fire management: Once the desired temperature is reached, maintain a constant fire by adding small pieces of wood at a time. This helps maintain an even temperature without large fluctuations.
• Ventilation control: Use the oven's air vents and door to regulate airflow and control the flame. Open the door to increase airflow and intensify the fire, close it to reduce oxygen and maintain heat.
• Thermometers: Use oven thermometers to monitor the internal temperature. Place a thermometer on the cooking surface and one at the top of the cooking chamber for accurate readings.

Using suitable accessories for an outdoor wood-fired oven enhances the cooking experience and facilitates oven management. Here is a list of essential accessories:

• Pizza peels: Available in various materials such as wood, aluminium, and stainless steel. Wooden peels are ideal for placing the pizza in the oven, while metal ones are more suitable for turning and removing it.
• Cleaning brushes: Brushes with brass or steel bristles help remove food residues and ash from the cooking surface, keeping the oven clean and efficient.
• Thermometers: An infrared thermometer or a traditional heat-resistant one is useful for monitoring the internal temperature of the oven and the cooking surface, ensuring even cooking.
• Fire poker and rake: Useful for moving and managing the wood inside the oven, maintaining a constant and even fire.
• Heat-resistant gloves: Protect hands from high temperatures during wood and tool handling.
• Baking trays and refractory stones: Cast iron trays or refractory stones improve the cooking of bread, meat, and vegetables by evenly distributing heat.
• Ash container: A metal container with a lid is useful for collecting and disposing of ash safely and neatly.

Here are the steps for effective cleaning:

• Ash removal: After each use, it is important to remove residual ash. Use a brush or poker to collect the ash and deposit it in a heat-resistant container.
• Cleaning the cooking chamber: Brush the cooking chamber with a stiff-bristled brush to remove food residues. Brass or steel bristles are particularly effective.
• Washing surfaces: Use a damp cloth to clean the oven's external and internal surfaces. Avoid using chemical detergents that could leave harmful residues.
• Chimney check: Periodically check that the chimney is free from obstructions. A clogged chimney reduces the oven's efficiency and can cause draught problems.
• Cooking surface: If the oven has a refractory stone cooking surface, it can be cleaned with a spatula and a damp cloth. For stubborn stains, a solution of water and vinegar can be used.
• Periodic maintenance: Every 3-6 months, perform more thorough cleaning, including disassembling and cleaning movable parts and checking the oven's overall condition.

Gas ovens are appreciated for their practicality and versatility. Here are some of their main features:

• Ease of use: Gas ovens are easy to light and control thanks to knobs that regulate the flame and therefore the temperature. This allows for precise and immediate heat control.
• Rapid heating: They reach the desired temperature faster than wood-fired ovens. This makes them ideal for quick cooking, such as pizza.
• Reduced maintenance: They do not produce ash, making cleaning much simpler than wood-fired ovens. Just clean the internal and external surfaces with a damp cloth.
• Versatility: Suitable for cooking a wide range of foods, from baked goods to meats and vegetables. They can be used both indoors and outdoors, depending on needs.

Operation of a professional gas oven:

A professional gas oven operates through a system of burners powered by gas (propane or methane). Here is how they operate:

• Burners: Positioned at the bottom or side of the oven, the burners emit flames that heat the oven's interior. The flame is controllable via knobs that regulate the heat intensity.
• Heat distribution: The heat generated by the burners is evenly distributed thanks to the oven's structure, often equipped with walls made of stainless steel or refractory materials. Some models include fans for better circulation of hot air.
• Cooking plate: The cooking plate, made of refractory stone or cordierite, helps maintain a constant and even temperature, essential for baking pizza and other baked goods.
• Safety systems: Professional ovens are equipped with safety systems, such as safety valves that interrupt the gas supply in case of flame extinguishment, reducing the risk of gas leaks.

Before analysing which of the two ovens is better, we have gathered their main differences:

• Power source: The electric oven uses electricity to heat the resistances that generate heat, while the gas oven uses gas to power the burners.
• Temperature control: Electric ovens offer very precise temperature control thanks to digital thermostats. Gas ovens may have temperature variations due to the flame, but modern models offer good control through knobs.
• Heat distribution: Electric ovens tend to distribute heat more evenly thanks to resistances positioned both at the top and bottom of the oven. In gas ovens, the heat is mainly from below, which can create hot spots.
• Operating costs: Gas ovens are generally cheaper to use in the long term, especially in areas where gas costs are lower than electricity. However, electric ovens can be more expensive in terms of energy consumption.
• Installation: Electric ovens are easier to install, requiring only an adequate power outlet. Gas ovens require a gas connection, which may require the intervention of a specialized technician.

Which is better?

• Electric oven: Ideal for those seeking precision in cooking and even heat distribution. It is perfect for baking, desserts, cakes, and dishes that require stable and constant temperatures.
• Gas oven: Suitable for those who desire rapid heating and flexible temperature control. It is excellent for quick cooking, such as pizza, and for those who prefer a more economical option in the long term.

In general, a well-built and adequately maintained gas oven can last from 10 to 15 years or even longer. Here are some aspects to consider:

• Material quality: Gas ovens made with high-quality materials, such as stainless steel, tend to last longer. These materials are resistant to corrosion and wear, ensuring greater oven longevity.
• Regular maintenance: Proper maintenance is essential to prolong the oven's life. This includes regular cleaning of burners, checking seals and gas connections, and removing food and grease residues.
• Correct use: Use the oven in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and avoid overloading or improper use. For example, do not use the gas oven as a storage space when not in use and ensure that the burners are always clean and functioning correctly.
• Timely repairs: In case of problems, it is important to carry out the necessary repairs as soon as possible. Delaying repairs can lead to more serious damage and reduce the oven's overall lifespan.

Solving common problems of a gas oven can be simple if you know the main causes and related solutions. Here are some common problems and how to solve them:

• The oven does not turn on: Check that the gas supply is active and that the gas tank is not empty. Check gas connections to ensure there are no leaks. If the problem persists, it may be necessary to replace the igniter or thermostat.
• The flame is weak or irregular: Clean the burners to remove any residues that may obstruct the holes. Ensure that the gas valves are fully open and that there are no bends in the gas hose.
• The oven does not reach the desired temperature: Check that the thermostat is working correctly. Check the oven door seals to ensure there are no heat leaks. In some cases, it may be necessary to calibrate or replace the thermostat.
• Gas smell: If a strong gas smell is detected, immediately turn off the oven and close the gas valve. Ventilate the area and check all gas connections for any leaks. If the problem cannot be resolved, contact a qualified technician.
• The oven emits excessive smoke: Clean the oven to remove any food or grease residues that may burn. Check that the burners are clean and functioning correctly. In some cases, it may be necessary to adjust the air-gas mixture for cleaner combustion.

The ideal temperature for baking pizza in a wood-fired oven is between 400°C and 430°C. This temperature allows for quick and even cooking, with a crispy crust and a soft interior. Here are some tips for reaching and maintaining the ideal temperature:

• Preheating: Ensure to preheat the oven for at least 1-2 hours. Use dry and well-seasoned wood to achieve a lively and constant flame.
• Heat distribution: During preheating, move the wood and embers evenly inside the oven to ensure homogeneous heat distribution.
• Flame control: Maintain a lively flame during cooking by adding small pieces of wood to keep the temperature constant. Use an infrared thermometer to monitor the cooking surface temperature.
• Pizza placement: Place the pizza directly on the refractory stone cooking surface. Rotate the pizza during cooking to ensure even cooking on all sides.

Wood-fired ovens offer several advantages over electric or gas ovens. Here are some of the main benefits:

• Authentic flavour: Wood-fired cooking imparts a unique and smoky flavour to foods that is difficult to replicate with other cooking methods. This is particularly appreciated in the preparation of pizzas, bread, and roasts.
• High temperature: Wood-fired ovens can reach very high temperatures, up to 500°C, ideal for quick cooking of pizzas and other foods that require intense heat.
• Versatility: Wood-fired ovens are suitable for a wide range of cooking, including pizzas, bread, roasts, and gratin dishes. The ability to retain heat makes them ideal for slow and prolonged cooking.
• Energy efficiency: Using wood as fuel, wood-fired ovens can be more economical to operate in the long term, especially if you have a low-cost wood source.
• Culinary experience: Cooking with a wood-fired oven offers a more traditional and engaging experience that can be particularly rewarding for cooking enthusiasts. Fire management and open cooking add an element of craftsmanship to food preparation.

Regulating the temperature in a wood-fired oven requires practice and attention. Here are some useful tips for controlling the temperature:

• Flame size: The size of the flame directly affects the oven's temperature. A lively and high flame generates more heat, while a lower and controlled flame maintains a stable temperature. Add dry and well-seasoned wood to increase the flame and remove or distribute the embers to lower the temperature.
• Ember position: Distribute the embers evenly on the cooking surface to maintain a constant temperature. Accumulating the embers on one side of the oven can create differentiated heat zones useful for different cooking.
• Doors and air vents: Use the oven doors and air vents to control the airflow and therefore the temperature. Open the doors and air vents to increase oxygen flow and intensify the flame, close them to reduce oxygen and maintain heat.
• Thermometer use: Constantly monitor the oven's temperature with an infrared thermometer or oven thermometer. This helps maintain the desired temperature and make timely adjustments.
• Wood addition: Add small pieces of wood at a time to avoid temperature fluctuations. Dry and well-seasoned wood burns better and produces less smoke, helping to maintain a constant temperature.
• Preheating time: Preheat the oven for an adequate time, generally between 1 and 2 hours, to reach the ideal temperature. During preheating, move and distribute the wood and embers to ensure even heat distribution.

Outdoor pellet ovens are appreciated for their efficiency and ease of use. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to use an outdoor pellet oven:

• Load the pellets: Fill the oven's hopper with high-quality wood pellets. Use dry and well-compressed pellets for efficient and constant combustion.
• Light the oven: Follow the manufacturer's instructions to light the oven. Most pellet ovens have an automatic ignition system that facilitates lighting. In case of manual ignition, use an electric igniter or long matches to light the pellets.
• Set the temperature: Adjust the desired temperature using the oven's control panel. Pellet ovens are equipped with thermostats that allow setting and maintaining the ideal cooking temperature.
• Preheat the oven: Allow the oven to preheat for the necessary time, generally between 20 and 30 minutes. During this period, the pellets burn, and the oven reaches the set temperature.
• Cook the food: Once the desired temperature is reached, insert the food into the oven. Monitor the cooking and make any necessary temperature adjustments.
• Check the pellet hopper: During cooking, periodically check the pellet level in the hopper. Add pellets if necessary to maintain constant combustion.
• Turn off the oven: After cooking, turn off the oven following the manufacturer's instructions. Allow the oven to cool before cleaning and storing it.

Pellet ovens offer several advantages over wood-fired or gas ovens. Here are some of the main benefits:

• Energy efficiency: Wood pellets are a very efficient fuel source. They burn cleanly and produce a minimal amount of ash compared to traditional wood. This makes pellet ovens very energy efficient.
• Temperature control: Pellet ovens are equipped with thermostats that allow setting and maintaining the desired temperature with precision. This facilitates cooking and ensures consistent results.
• Ease of use: Pellet ovens are generally easy to light and use. Many models have automatic ignition systems and intuitive control panels.
• Reduced maintenance: Pellets burn cleanly, producing less smoke and residues than wood. This reduces the need for frequent cleaning and simplifies oven maintenance.
• Sustainability: Wood pellets are a renewable and eco-friendly fuel source. Their production has a lower environmental impact compared to fossil fuels and helps reduce CO2 emissions.
• Versatility: Pellet ovens are suitable for a wide range of cooking, including pizza, bread, roasts, and gratin dishes. The ability to maintain a constant temperature makes them ideal for slow and prolonged cooking.

Yes, outdoor pellet ovens are safe to use as long as the manufacturer's instructions are followed and the necessary precautions are taken. Here are some tips to ensure safe use of the pellet oven:

• Correct installation: Follow the manufacturer's instructions to install the oven in a safe and stable location. Ensure that the oven is placed on a heat-resistant surface and away from flammable materials.
• Adequate ventilation: Use the oven in a well-ventilated area to ensure proper dispersion of fumes and prevent the accumulation of combustion gases.
• Regular maintenance: Clean the oven after each use to remove ash and combustion residues. Periodically check the operation of the ignition system and thermostat.
• Use of high-quality pellets: Use only high-quality wood pellets specifically for pellet ovens. Avoid pellets containing chemical additives that can produce harmful fumes.
• Safe shutdown: Turn off the oven following the manufacturer's instructions and allow it to cool completely before cleaning or moving it.
• Constant supervision: Never leave the oven unattended during use. Constantly monitor cooking and pay attention to any signs of malfunction.
• Safety accessories: Use heat-resistant gloves and appropriate utensils to handle the oven and food. Ensure that the oven is equipped with an automatic shutdown system in case of emergency.